Quark Games forums

Also I need to note, even though the most of the special characters can be used in the forums, the ones that will properly be displayed in the game is limited.

The forums are capable of displaying a vast number of Unicode characters to make them compatible with different languages and their alphabets. Depending on the system you use there are various ways to use the special characters.
An example I can give, if you play using a iPad, when typing with the on screen keyboard you can press and hold certain characters to get special variants of that character. Press and hold the o button and after a second or two it will let you select up to nine special variants.
There are also many apps that contain extended access to Unicode characters that will let you copy and paste characters. Have some fun seeing what you can find.
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Thëŷ fïñd thëm øñ göøglë

It's a free app.

Sometime in the forums I hear the word emoji icons. I think they might be referring to what ever those are.

Not those
The things like lightning
And faces

Do explain a bit more. You mean the standard letters of the alphabet with like dots on them? Like this: ä. If you mean that click the desired letter and hold, this will bring up a few choices which you can select to create these characters.

How do people get these weird symbols